· Common challenges in the realm of transport include; infrastructure funding, congestion, long travel times, emissions and excessive energy use.
· Provide an attractive alternative to car-based lifestyles, and to this end many local governments in Australia and elsewhere are pursuing a number of measures to boost trips by walking, cycling and high-occupancy bus and rail passenger transit. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the potential measures which, if successfully implemented, might lead to a more sustainable mode share between public transit and the private vehicle.
· TOD: A vibrant, relatively dense and pedestrianised mixed-use development precinct, featuring quality public space and immediate access to high-frequency public transit.
· High frequency, high capacity public transit linking the precinct to the wider metropolitan area and providing good access. The transit should be integrated sympathetically with the precinct.
o The more that transit provides coverage across the region and connectivity between origins and destinations, the greater the potential ridership.
o Any TOD precinct should function effectively as a key transit node – as an important location in a city-wide network of high-frequency and high-capacity public transit
o In order to provide the seamless network that choosy passengers demand, integrated ticketing is a necessity for successful TOD as well as timed transfers from one line or route to another
o Investment in high quality, safe, secure and architecturally interesting stations is the hallmark of successful transit systems around the world
· Mixed-use development with street-front retail. Longer opening hours are an indicator of success. Offices and workplaces provide a support base of customers. Residential accommodation provides additional patrons – who hold a stake in the liveability of the precinct. The development needs to be competitive and viable in the open property market.
o Our favourite urban locations are invariably lively places, with some great restaurants, the occasional bar, a variety of shopping options and a thriving public space to provide civic focus and opportunities for people watching
o Opening hours?
o Lynch (1981, ch7) concedes that perceptions of locations are often defined by taste, but proposes that the “good” elements of precinct design are nonetheless distinguishing, and observable in many successful places.
o TOD project needs to be lively. It needs to attract people. In order to do so, it needs to have a good choice of food. We need to be able to shop and pay bills and bank and get something fixed. People will also need to be drawn to a successful TOD location as a place of work – with office space for a variety of employment generating businesses or for a particular industry focus
o Residential accommodation and hotels can provide a volume of people during the later hours and at times that would otherwise be quiet. Locally-based residents can provide “ownership” of the streets that assists with securing a safe environment.
· Public space provision that, while generous, is never too large that the space becomes empty and loses its lively character. Cafes and restaurants should intermingle with public space. Up-market design is required for public space, incorporating climate-compatibility, quality hard-scaping and considerate planting.
o Public space is one of the cornerstones of successful TOD precincts. When assessing the role of public space in the urban fabric, our best examples come from Europe, where the city plaza has evolved from beginnings as a mediaeval marketplace, toward being a modern, stylish and functional focus of urban life
· TOD benefits
o Increased patronage and ticket revenue at the TOD location, and hence the network
o overall – creating efficiencies in capacity utilisation and per-unit operating cost
o Concentration of passenger throughput at up-scale locations where the transit facilities can be invested in accordingly
o Re-enforcement of the broader link between land-use and transit infrastructure
o Development of air-rights and transit related land holdings
o Opportunity for new sources of revenue in the form of rental income and land or property sale
o “Value capture”; an increase in property values is attributed to the creation of superior transit facilities and improved accessibility at a particular location after transit infrastructure investment. This might be returned or retained by the transit sector through a variety of mechanisms
Hale, Chris. (2011). Making the Most of Transit Oriented Development OpportunitiesAuthority. Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:7733
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